Estimation of Reshaped Profile in Berm Breakwaters Using...

In the area of prediction of the reshaped profile of slopes, Popov (1960) [13] investigated the stable slopes in coastal area by means of physical modeling. The stability of reshaped profile in rubble mound breakwaters with rock or concrete cube armors was studied by Priest et al. (1964) [14]. Van der Meer (1992) released the first version of his computer software, named BREAKWAT [15], in order to predict the reshaped profile in berm breakwaters. According to the studies performed by Lykke Anderson (2006), Van der Meer (1992) method predicts the reshaped profile of dynamically stable berm breakwaters (H0T070) with acceptable accuracy. But for statically stable berm breakwaters (H0T070) BREAKWAT software predicts overestimated damage†¦show more content†¦M5 models are built by a divide-and-conquer method. M5 model tree algorithm splitting criterion is based on reduction in measured standard deviation of the class values that reaches a node. The standard deviation reduction ( ) is: (1) In eq.(1), T is the representative of each set of examples reaches a specific node; Ti is the subset of examples that have the ith outcome of the potential set; and sd is the standard deviation. Over elaborate structures are often produced in the division process by standard deviation reduction, so the pruning process will become necessary for the tree. Pruning method uses the expected estimated error of each node for each experimental data (Wang and Witten (1997)). After the pruning procedure, some discontinuities will be appeared in the neighboring leaves of the pruned tree. Thus, a smoothing procedure is necessary. Smoothing procedure was explained by Quinlan (1992). According to the experiments carried out by Wang and Witten (1997), smoothing substantially increases the accuracy of predictions (Zhang et al., 2007 [21]). 4. Governing Equations for Reshaping Parameters During the investigations on reshaped profiles from existing data and according to Van der Meer (1992) studies on reshaping profiles, it is concluded that, in under water part of the reshaped profile, the power function in form of y=ax-b fits properly to the

John F kennedy Essay - 1310 Words

I watched JFK and was very surprised, I had not seen it before and thought it was about the life of John F Kennedy whilst he was in the White House but it was not. It was about his assassination and what followed, how everyone was so quick to call it an attack by a lone gunman but how evidence could point toward a conspiracy. The characters were well introduced and the accuracy of detail was very good. The facts were laid were laid out and the way of life in the 1960s was quite accurately shown. The way the characters smoke and drank during the day, at home, on airplanes and in the work environment, and also the attitudes of the white population towards the African Americans and homosexuals were true to life. It was a very revealing†¦show more content†¦A lot of them were â€Å"discouraged† from registering by their employers and some were given tests to see if they were â€Å"capable of voting.† These tests were extremely hard for African Americans to pass b ecause they, for the most part , had attended schools that were substandard and thus did not have the same education level as whites. Democratic presidents like Kennedy and his successor Johnson helped pave the way for African Americans to vote, and after Kennedys assassination Johnson started his â€Å"Great Society† which promoted minority rights in employment, housing, healthcare and over social aspects.. There were numerous examples of the civil rights movement in this film, the one that stood out, to me, was when an older white southerner stated how it was wrong that â€Å"Niggers had the vote.† That illustrated how hard it had been for the minority population to gain their rights. (891-893) Kennedy was elected by a very slim majority, this was with much needed help from the African American communities who helped offset the 52% of the white vote that Richard Nixon received, A lot of the white voters believed, for this reason, that Nixon should have won since African Americans should not have had the right to vote. Kennedy was young, Catholic and energetic. He exuded energy and idealism making himself moreShow MoreRelatedJohn F. Kennedy983 Words   |  4 PagesThe first Roman Catholic president, John F. Kennedy, fought through many hardships. Becoming the president at the age of 43, he went through many difficult trials to get that role due to his religion and health. Although he died early, he still managed to go beyond his presidential duties and accomplished a lot during his short term. John F. Kennedy was born on May 29, 1917 in Brookline, Massachusetts. Ever since he was little, he has had very poor health. He suffered from a variety of diseasesRead MoreJohn F. Kennedy 1158 Words   |  5 PagesAssassination, and Legacy of John F. Kennedy written by Dean R. Owen is a series of reflections of people who knew and admired John F. Kennedy. Most people in the book discuss where they were the day of his assassination, their reaction, and how it affected everything and everyone around them. Others speak about what kind of leader Kennedy was, the legacy he left behind, and how when he died the country was never the same. Owen writes about people who once worked for Kennedy as well as his goodRead MoreJohn F. Kennedy1635 Words   |  7 PagesPresident John F. Kennedy once said â€Å"The path we have chosen for the present is full of hazards, as all paths are. The cost of freedom is always high, but Americans have always paid it. And one path we shall never choose, and that is the path of surrender, or submission† . Whether this statement was meant to describe the circumstances of the Cold War, or to display reasons for the use of the atomic bomb, these simple words brought understanding to the American people. That is, until the assassinationRead MoreAnalysis Of John F. Kennedy892 Words   |  4 PagesAdam Frankowski Mr. Vollmer English 12A 11 October 2015 Rough Draft- John F. Kennedy â€Å"And so my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.† Quotes like this earned John F. Kennedy the respect of a nation and the reputation as a great leader. His life is a major part of United States history for all that he contributed. John F. Kennedy is considered a hero for his memorable actions during his navy career, his ability to easeRead More John F. Kennedy Essay979 Words   |  4 PagesJohn F. Kennedy John F. Kennedy was one of the greatest presidents of the twentieth century. He united almost the entire nation under a common goal; the Moon. His charisma could turn skeptics into believers, and strengthen the bond between himself and his supporters. He had so much charisma because he used many rhetorical devices in his speeches, the same rhetorical devices that have been wooing crowds of people since the time of Rome. One of his most memorable speeches he gave was at RiceRead MoreThe Legacy Of John F. Kennedy1176 Words   |  5 PagesJohn F. Kennedy did a lot for our country although his presidential term was cut short. He had a certain allure to him that Americans liked. Kennedy knew what to do to gain the votes of all different types of voters no matter their age, race, or religion. His campaign and presidency have inspired even today’s presidents and presidential candidates in multiple ways. John F. Kennedy was a spectacular man and president that brought a fresh feel t o America and who left a legacy that will never be forgottenRead MoreThe Legacy Of John F. Kennedy980 Words   |  4 PagesBorn in 1917, John F. Kennedy grew up in a wealthy family with influence both politically, and economically. His grandfather was a famous politician, his father a billionaire, and his brothers he grew up with would go on to become well known politicians. Growing up in a family like this, it would appear hard to distinguish yourself, however, JFK would go on to surpass them all by becoming the 35th, and perhaps most beloved president of the United States. As president JFK was popular. He was youngRead MoreAnalysis Of John F. Kennedy1589 Words   |  7 Pages History Project John F. Kennedy was one of the most dynamic and inspiring presidents the country would ever know of. His leadership was impeccable and he motivated people by his charm and charisma. He had several qualities that made him so applauded by people. One of these qualities is the quality of his speech that made him the hero of the country. Not just his country was enchanted with his speeches but also the whole world felt a lot of connection with the words Kennedy spoke. Speech is oneRead MorePresident John F. Kennedy1738 Words   |  7 Pages President John Fitzgerald Kennedy Our Nation’s 35th President Andrew Hogenson History 112 June 15, 2015 John Fitzgerald Kennedy was the 35th President of the USA and served at that position only for three years as at the end of the third year he was assassinated in Texas. Even though his presidential term was not long, it was significant, mostly with the strong opposition against the USSR (in a person of its Prime Minister of that time, Nikita Khrushchev). President Kennedy’s name is associatedRead MoreThe Legacy of John F. Kennedy1129 Words   |  5 PagesPresidents relate in life and none in death. Most people know John F. Kennedy as the 35th President of the United States, the youngest president, and one of fewest presidents that was killed. But what was JFKs legacy? JFK was born on May, 29th, 1917 in Brookline, Massachusetts, a quiet, clam suburb in Boston. As a child John F. Kennedy was mostly referred to the name Jack, by friends and family. His parents, Rose and Joseph Kennedy were too involved with social rank and their place in Bostons

Tender Evaluation Fairness Tramline Project in Adelaide

Question: Discuss about the Tender Evaluation Fairness Tramline Project in Adelaide. Answer: The evaluation of the tenders is one of the key process which is involved in the procurement process. The invited contractors in the tendering process are able to quote different sums according to their analysis. The client is able to offer the invitation for the tenders, which the contractors are able to deliver. Each contractor for a specific construction works is expected to express his or her interest through the tenders. The tender document is produced and able to quote each of the different components of the works (Fleming, 2003). The tender evaluation process is able to consider different qualities to ensure that the chosen contractor will be able to undertake the designed project. In each consideration, the tender evaluation must make sure that the different aspects of the projects are met. The contractor who is chosen through this process must meet the cost aspects, the timeline of implementation and the quality of works. In addition, this process ensures that the contractors are able to meet the specified weighed criteria and requirements which are stipulated. The evaluation of tenders ensures that the competition between the contractors is achieved and the best is selected to bed awarded the tender to carry out the construction works (Fleming, 2003). The fairness of the tender evaluation would be able to dominate the process. This will able to guarantee that the contractor who is chosen will be able to carry out the works to the completion without discrepancies. The chosen parties are able to go through the available bids which are submitted to ensure that they meet the specified qualifications. There is a key process and factors which these parties have to consider on each bid to ensure that the process is fair and able to deliver the mandate of the tender evaluatio n process. In addition, the process involves the comparison of the contractors who will be able to perform better in the execution of the specified works. The number of the selected contractors will be able to depend on the nature of the project and the number of contractors needed. According to Derek and Steve, (2008), the tender evaluation process is the key determinant of the success of the projects. This is because the selection of the contractor from this process assures the level of competence and experience which the contractor has on the same execution. Compromising the fairness of this process will in most cases lead to the failure of the projects since it leads to the unqualified contractor being selected to execute the works. The tramline project in Adelaide is a fast tracking project meaning that it has to be executed by a qualified contractor who is conversant with the construction works. This will ensure that the project will be delivered by the required deadline. This is multi-billion project considering the set budget of $50 million for the one kilometer extension. The fairness in the selection of the contractor is therefore a key processes which is need to ensure that the delivery of the project is achieved (Guth, 2009). This project is like upgrade where relocation and alternative routes must be provided to ensure that the services and operations of the residents are not affected. This is one of the key element, which must be considered in the selection of the contractors. In the tender evaluation, the contractor must ensure they provide the way out to solve the problem and ensuring that the operations on this location are not altered. The parties evaluating must ensure that the selection of the contractor has to provide the best strategy to help the operation of the residents will not be affected (Guth, 2009). The cost of the alternative means of ensuring the operations are not altered must be cost effective. In this view, the alternative cost should not be able to take much of the cost from the budget of the project. The contractor must be able to quote the cost of providing the alternative routes and even relocation of some properties. This cost in a fairness way must not be able to take much of the budget otherwise will not be effective. This is one of the key element which the tender evaluators were able to consider in the tender evaluation of the tramline project in Adelaide. The contract for this works involves the design, construction and commi ssioning of the light rail infrastructure without affecting the residents operations within this area of South Australia (Graw, 2015). The fair award of this contract involves the analysis of the strategies which the contractors were able to provide in order to enhance the operations of the residents while the works was underway. This involves the design and proposal of a proper strategic way which the residents will be able to use while the construction is underway. In addition, these strategies had to be cost effective. The alternative way has to be able to meet the specific conditions in terms of the financial cost so that it does not over burden the original project. The evaluation of the tenders was also based on the amount of the quoted sum. The fair way for this is to select the contractor who is reasonable in terms of the cost to carry out the whole project (Bailey et al., 2015). With the set budget, the contractors were able to provide their contract sum which did not have to exceed the mentioned sum which is available for funding. The set budget for the project of about $55 million is the upper limit, which the contractors had to quote. In addition, the procurement laws states that any contractor can quote any amount which is 5 percent above or below the provided amount (Graw, 2015). The selection for the fairness was enhanced I the EastLINK extension whereby York Civil was the winner of the contractor with an amount of $35 million for the one kilometer extension. It is clear that the fairness for the consideration of the cost estimate was used for this project. This was meant to ensure that the public funds is protected from embezzlement b y the different parties. In addition, there were different contractors who were selected for the different parts of the project in order to ensure fairness of the construction and the tender evaluation. Considering the project was a fast tracking project (Morris Pinto, 2007). The need to have the different contractors was selected. For instance, McConnell Dowell was selected for the Glenelg Tram Overpass while York City was selected for the EastLINK construction. It is clear that the process was fair for the different contractors in the enhancing of the construction of the different parts. From this analysis, It is clear that the needs of the project were the driving force on selecting the contractors through the tender evaluation. Moreover, it is clear to ensure that the project need to have it delivered was considered in the selection of the different contractors for the project. In addition, the D C contract was selected for this project. This involved different partnership in ensuring that the fairness was achieved in the execution of the project. For instance, WT partnership was able to create the cost planning services to the KBR especially during the pre-construction phase of the project. This was able to ensure that the project delivery was perfect with the consideration of the needs of the project from the cost perspective and the timeline deadline for the completion (Ward, 2008). The selection of the contractors to collaborate during the pre-construction and the construction stages were able to meet the different specifications which were key to ensure that they will complete the work within the stipulated deadline. In conclusion, these aspects of the needs of the key aspects of the contractor were able to meet the financial specifications and ethical conducts to ensure that they are able to take in the interest the needs of the public to have a prop er alternative means in the construction of this project. In addition, the previous construction experience was a key element on the selection of the contractors in this project. The contractor in their tenders had to specify the different projects which they have been able to deliver on the tramline construction. This was to ensure that the contractors will be able to deliver on the project considering that the fast tracking element of the project. This is a key element which was meant to ensure that the construction will be easy for the contractors to carry out the works. The use of competitive selection of the contractor through the analysis of the tenders was a clear way to ensuring fairness in the project. The contractors had delivered their request for the bids where they had attached they different qualifications to be awarded the tenders and contracts to carry out the construction of these works (Ward, 2008). The analysis of the contractors document with the qualification at each stage is a clear way of ensuring that the correct contractor is selected for the construction of this project. This ensures that the contractors are qualified to deliver the project within the stipulated timeline and within the stipulated cost. References BAILEY et al (2015) Procurement Principles and Management, Eleventh Ed, Pearson DEREK H.T. W. STEVE ROWLINSON (2008) Procurement Systems A cross-industrymanagement perspective, Taylor Francis FLEMING, Q. (2003). Project ProcurementManagement Contracting, Subcontracting, Teaming, 1st edn. FMC Press, California. ISBN 0-9743912-0-4 GRAW, S. (2015). An introduction to the Law of Contract, 8th Edition, Thomson Reuters, Australia (latest edition for Law components) GUTH, S. (2009). Project Procurement Management: A Guide to Structured Procurements, Guth Ventures LLC Eglin I, 2013, Procurement Management, 1st Ed, Egism Ltd MORRIS, P. PINTO J. K. (2007). The wiley Guide to Project Technology, Supply Chain, and Procurement Management, John Wiley Sons Ltd WARD, G. (2008). The Project Managers Guide to Purchasing, Gower Publishing Limited, England, ISBN 13:978-0566086922 https://www.ashgate.com/pdf/SamplePages/Project_Managers_Guide_to_Purchasing_Intro.pdf

My Depression Suffering Essay Example For Students

My Depression Suffering Essay I suffer from depression. In life, some find it easy to let go and get over things. I don’t. On a day to day basis, I focus on my past and things that have hurt me. Bruises that are left in my head that will never clear up. My journey with discovering my own depression began five years ago. I was going through a divorce with my ex-husband who was cheating on me with a family member. While going through my divorce my son and I were homeless and sleeping in my jeep. There were nights where I had to decide if I was going to eat. I reconnected with a guy I knew from elementary school when I came back to Delaware. He soon become my significant other who I started living with. I got two jobs to pay for my lawyer at McDonalds and The Sheraton making only 7. 25 at both. I had to travel back and forth to Georgia on a greyhound bus to go to court every month. On top of fighting for my son I was pregnant with my second child. I was awarded sole custody after one year and $10,000 later. The day I went to court to finalize the papers was four days after my C-section. Needless to say, I still had staples in my stomach and unfortunately still had to ride the Greyhound. Shortly after this my only family member that I trusted, was my sister, and she had died. She died of a car crash at the age of 29. I had to pay for her whole funeral by myself. I dressed her and did her hair and makeup in the back of the funeral home. After all of this, which was enough, I found out my significant other had been cheating on me with numerous women. I was, and still am devastated. He was there through everything. I left for a couple months to only come back. I had gone to my grandparents who do not care for me and are racist. On top off all this drama, they invited my ex-husband and my mother to stay at the house too. My significant other decided to tell me he wanted his family back and that he was going to change. When the kids and I came back I found out I was pregnant again. At this time I had just gotten hired at JcPennys. Everything was hard at my new job because my manager was the girl that my significant other cheated on me with. After I had my daughter I began fixing my life. I filed for bankruptcy. I had to have a hysterectomy before I started school because I was having a lot of pain. I am now in school with three kids, all under five, trust issues, and trying to build a future. I have started going to therapy and counseling. Depression is this state that clouds not only your emotional life but also your perspective on normality. I can’t function or even get out of bed without taking my medicine. I feel down just by driving by a town or going in to the store. Random moments replay in my mind all the time. I cry when I look in the mirror and I feel alone. I wonder at times why nobody wants to be with me or my friend. I am on psych meds, and I’m not at all ashamed to share that they help me quite a bit. I am now starting to be able to do more for myself and my family. Just because I’m on psych meds now does not mean my depression is gone. It does not mean that I do not have spells of insomnia, or feeling like I’m slipping down into that black hole again. It just means that I am more capable of battling the depressive cloud that, was assigned to me by my genetics when I was born. And I feel like many people would benefit from a little bit of chemical assistance when it comes to their happiness. I pop my happy pill every day and I am starting to be happy with living another day, and maybe if I’m lucky, many more.

Fantasy Story Essays - Bliss, , Term Papers

Fantasy Story Deep in the City of Chic, on the plant of Decorous, there was a school named Ennui High School. At this school there was a very interesting girl named Bliss. Bliss had long wavy golden brown hair. She had big blue eyes that were on flawless snowy skin. Her lips were full, and they were always the perfect shade of soft crimson even without lipstick. Bliss just turned 17. She was doing well at school, but she really felt she was ready to get out of her old routine and see what else was out there. One spring Friday morning, Bliss was sitting on the stoop of the apartment building were she lived with her parents. She was looking up at the pink and purple towering buildings around her. They are wonderful, but I've been gazing at these buildings for 17 years now, she thought. Just then a big silver cat walked by her. It stopped, turned around, and came up to her. It looked at her intensely for a moment then said, You will do just fine, After Bliss nearly choked on her tongue, she said, Do just fine for what? She had never seen a talking cat before, and she was lost in astonishment. The cat said, I need some help finding an illusive treasure. Bliss replied, Oh, and where is this illusive treasure? The cat answered, I'm not sure but I know where something is that will tell us where the treasure is. And this thing is about 3 blocks away. Bliss thought about this, and decided three blocks isn't far. Besides she didn't really want this talking cat walking out of her life. She said, OK, lets go. What's your name? The silver cat said, Jest. Follow me. They walked and turned corners for about 15 minutes. Bliss had always thought she knew the part of Chic that she lived in really well. They were only walking for a little bit. How did we get to a place I don't recognize at all, she thought. She was following Jest into a light pink building. They went up two flights of red stairs, and down a hall. The floors, walls, and ceiling of the hall were royal blue. They came to an emerald door. Jest told Bliss to open it. As Bliss opened it, she was shocked at how white the room was. There was nothing in the room except a magenta wand with a light pink glittery top in the middle of the floor. Jest said, Pick the wand up and ask it where the treasure is. Bliss did so to humor the cat. Suddenly a spark of glittering light flashed. A sweet, soft female voice said, Go to Morale Park. Find the tree that is in the most southwest part of the park and tap on it twice. Go down the stairs, and turn right of the path. Turn left on the next path. Go to the fountain, and take a left. Go to the Castle. When you get there ask me what to do next. And with that the voice was gone. Bliss looked with bewilderment at Jest. He was calmly sitting on the white floor licking one of his front feet. Bliss said, That voice was a true bolt out of the whiteness. What was that? Where did it come from? Jest answered, Um, that was the voice of the magic wand. And it came from the wand. Bliss said, That helps a lot. Well I guess we should get going. They went out of the white room through the emerald door to the royal blue hallway. They stepped down the red stairs and out of the light pink building. Jest said, Do you know where Morale Park is? Yes I do, but I don't know where we are, answered Bliss. Do you know how to get there from Mulisha Square? asked Jest. Yes I do, said Bliss. She followed Jest down the street. They did another series of turns until they were at Mulisha Square. Mulisha Square is a square block in the middle of Chic. It is made up of bright pink bricks. On two sides it is sunken with steps that are used as sitting places. From there

buy custom Destination Hope Agency essay

buy custom Destination Hope Agency essay Destination Hope is an agency in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, which is useful for diagnosing and treating men, suffering from dependence. Individuals receive treatment in comfortable surroundings, and a great deal of patients has recovered fully from substance abuse and dependence. It is usual that individuals start abusing drugs during the stage of adolescence until their adulthood. The program deals with people whose ages range from 13 to 44 years old. This program is unique from other programs that deal with substance abuse and dependency because it operates on a small scale. IOP provides individual and group services of about 10 hours a week. This program enables the victims of substance abuse and dependence to take part in their daily activities, and, then, earlier in the morning or late in the evening, the victims should take part in treatment. Holland Stewart (2005) define screening as the testing of members of particular population, such as those individuals, affected with substance abuse and dependence, to estimate the possibility that they have specific disorders. Therefore, screening enables clinicians to identify individuals who are likely to possess disorders, as determined by the way such individuals respond to certain key questions. Individuals with positive screening results undergo a thorough diagnostic testing to unquestionably rule out or confirm the disorder. Screening, as well as a brief intervention, can help both individuals who meet the criteria for substance abuse or dependence and those individuals who do not meet the criteria for substance abuse or dependence, but who are at risk for more problems because of excessive consumption. Levels of care are the different treatment programs for substance abuse and dependence at Destination Hope that are appropriate for the addicted individuals. Owing to the fact that each individual is different from each other, the clinicians, and therapists must tailor the level of care to make it appropriate to a particular circumstance. The levels of care that guide the available programs include Medical Detox, Drug and Alcohol Rehabilitation, and Intensive Outpatient. The goal of Medical Detox is to eliminate dangerous substance due to substance use from the body. Detox is the topmost step in the process of treating substance abuse and dependence, and it represents body stabilization through withdrawal from substance. Clinicians have considered withdrawal process as among the hardest parts during the treatment of substance dependence and recovery process, because the functions of the body depend on the consumption of drugs and alcohol. At Destination Hope, withdrawal becomes possi ble through the assistance from several experienced and licensed Detox centers that aim at minimizing the harmful effects of substance withdrawal, which will make an individuals Detox experience comfortable and safe. At Destination Hope, Drug and Alcohol rehabilitation is a residential style dependence treatment program, in which clinicians supervise addicts for 24 hours on a daily basis. It is a requirement that patients need to be sober before entering residential care and will not be dangerous or violent both to themselves and to other people. Therapists involve addicts in daily activities such as behavioral therapy, group and individual therapy, family therapy, AA meetings, and relationship therapy. Destination Hope provides up to a 90-days program for those men, suffering from substance dependence. Lengths of stay depend on the responsiveness and needs of an individual patient to dependence treatment. The goal of alcohol and drug rehabilitation program at Destination Hope is to help patients for long-term soberness in supportive and safe environment. Another level of care is Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP). IOP refers to a kind of support program and treatment service that is useful primarily in the treatment of chemical dependency, and which does not depend on detoxification. Therefore, the target population includes those individuals, who abuse and depend on substances such as marijuana and heroin. IOP at Destination Hope is a restrictive alcohol and drug treatment program; and residential and Detox treatment for those patients with school obligations or full-time work and supportive home environments for their recovery. Patients receive various treatment plans from therapists that include individual therapy, family therapy, and group therapy. At Destination Hope, the therapists hold IOP program three days in a week for the most convenient hours, especially three or four hours until about six weeks are over. Most patients attend the IOP program in the evening, while others attend the program during the day. IOP program is su itable for those patients, who are looking for an addiction recovery support, and at the same time, executing various functions in their communities. Assessment refers to a more individualized and comprehensive examination of the psychosocial problems and needs that clinicians identify in the course of early screening, which includes the type and degree of substance abuse disorders, associated issues, and the recommended interventions for treatment (Matthews, 2010). Assessment requires more individualized data collection, usually including clinical interviewing, obtaining the previous relevant records from various agencies, and psychological testing. Therefore, assessment is more expesive as compared to screening. Intervention is the strategy that clinicians use to enable addicts accept that they have a problem and begin the healing process (Matthews, 2010). The psychological nature, concerning substance abuse and dependence, is when the addicts fail to recognize themselves as drug addicts. Chronic addicts are not able to relate to anything, but they desire to use drugs. It is impossible for healing to start until addicts admit that they have a disorder, or before the systems of addicts have become free of both drugs and the byproducts of drugs. Drug intervention is vital precursor to the dependent recovery process, and addicts can achieve permanent sobriety. The objective of an intervention is to ensure that substance addicts get the help they need from qualified therapists at competent rehabilitation centers. Substance addicts start to get clean, once they understand the extent of their problems in the course of an intervention. Given the metabolic and psychological dependencies due to subst ance abuse and withdrawal can be traumatic to the addict. After complete recovery, therapists discharge substance addicts from the rehabilitation centers. Theoretical approaches Various theories such as cognitive-behavior, social, humanistic, client-centered, and bio-psychological theories are useful in addressing the problem of substance abuse and addiction. From the viewpoint of cognitive-behavior theory, substance abuse and dependence are learned behaviors that individuals acquire through experience (Corey, 2009). This theory also provides a basis for formulating appropriate interventions for dealing with substance abuse and dependence. Learning takes place through associations, such that neutral stimuli can increase the feelings of individuals to use drugs and alcohol. Triggers may be internal events such as emotions, physiological changes, or thoughts, or they may be external to the victim, such as objects in the surroundings, locations and settings, or other people who use drugs and alcohol. The associations strengthen gradually, following repeated occurrences. The cognitive-behavior can undergo modification with learning based interventions (Corey, 20 09). Client-centered therapy is the form of psychotherapy that helps patients to develop a sense of self, so that they can be fully aware of how their feelings, behavior, and attitudes have undergone a negative change, and make an effort to bring back their true positive potential (Corey, 2009). The therapist must create an environment that is comfortable and non-judgmental by demonstrating empathy, unconditional positive regard, and congruence. In client-centered therapy, the therapist enables the client to understand the negative impacts of using drugs as well as the outcomes of withdrawal from drugs. An effective interaction between the therapist and client will change the clients addictive behavior, as he or she will understand that withdrawal is far better than continued substance use (Corey, 2009). Humanistic theory states that a persons mind depends on the ongoing influencing forces that exist in their unconscious and in the surrounding world (Durand Barlow, 2006). Humanistic therapy is a therapeutic approach that holds a constructive, hopeful view of human beings as well as the substantial capacity of an individual to be self-determining. This therapeutic approach deals with the current attitudes and occurrences with an aim of client fulfillment and growth. Humanistic therapy is an effective element of treatment program for teens and adults, who are undergoing a wide range of conditions and issues, including substance abuse and dependence, depression, compulsive gambling, sex addiction, just to mention a few. Therefore, humanistic therapists apply the humanistic theory to ensure that drug addicts recover fully from substance dependence (Durand Barlow, 2006). Bio-psychosocial perspective shows that the actions and effects of drugs may result in biological reactions that account for drug-specific withdrawal and tolerance symptoms (Plante, 2011). These reactions may have either reinforcing or adverse properties. Initially, withdrawal symptoms are painful, but taking more drugs can relieve the situation, and this can strengthen the response of drug taking. Repeated withdrawal experiences can lead to the activation of a classical conditioning process, through which neutral stimuli arouses withdrawal symptoms, and lead to continued drug use (Plante, 2011). Individuals increase their involvement with others who use and support drug use. On the other hand, involvement of individuals who might be against drug use may reduce the likelihood of using drugs. However, successful withdrawal must take place in rehabilitation centers so that clinicians can administer medication in case of severe effects of withdrawal. Critical analysis of treatment Matthews (2010) defines the treatment on demand as stated goal of harm reduction movements and drug policy reform. Treatment on demand ensures that a great deal of treatment options is available to the drug users on request. The aim of treatment on demand is to enable all those individuals, seeking treatment of substance abuse and dependence, immediate entry into the rehabilitation program. On the other hand, long waiting list does not allow patients immediate entry in the rehabilitation prograam. Therefore, long waiting lists lead to inefficiency of health care services across the world. The long waiting lists cannot be effective in the treatment of drug addicts. Once an individual has decided to withdraw from substance use, it is necessary for clinicians in the rehabilitation centers to allow him or her immediate entry into the rehabilitation program. Cultural dependency refers to a situation, when a culture relies on the use of a specific drug (Forrest, 1996). Members of the culture become fully dependent on the drug as they continue using it on a daily basis. For instance, most people, who belong to the American culture, use caffeine in the form of caffeinated drinks. They rely on caffeine to reduce the sleeping time because of a great deal of commitments. According to the Americans, caffeine wakes them up, gets them going, and helps them stay focused on a daily basis. Caffeine is an addictive drug and shares withdrawal symptoms with other addictive drugs such as marijuana, heroin, and others. Destination Hope accepts substance addicts from various cultures, which encourages cultural diversity. Different cultures can share lifestyle, such as the type of drugs they use. Dual disorders refer to the existence of both substance dependence and a mental health disorder, such as depression, or anxiety (Daley Moss, 2002). Oftentimes, the pre-existing psychological condition drives an individual to abuse drugs so that to cope with it. Sometimes, the psychological conditions may occur because of substance abuse and dependence. Irrespective of how an addict acquires dual disorders, specialized counseling is necessary for their intervention and treatment. Destination Hope offers the diagnosis program for the dual disorders. Clinicians treat the disorders separately, allow for multiple comprehensive examinations, and offer a healthy plan for recovery (Phillips, 2009). It is imperative that once addicts enter treatment program with co-occurring disorders, clinicians provide treatments for both disorders to ensure that the addicts undergo an effective recovery. Destination Hope ensures that there is an individualized plan for all clients, who enter the treatment and rehabilitation program. It is possible for the dual-disorders to take long for complete recovery because clinicians must treat each disorder separately. Therefore, addicts should be patient, while the clinicians are overcoming the chemical dependency and related disorders. Destination Hope offers the rehabilitation program for treating a family system. Substance use and dependence affect both the addicts and his or her family members; thus, there is a need for relieving both the addicts and the affected family members of the problems of substance use and dependence. The effects of alcohol and drugs can make an addict to behave desperately, irrationally, potentially harming themselves and other people. Destination Hope has received clients who have cut off ties with their families because of various reasons. Some clients have left their families because of feeling unwanted, unloved, or rejected, or the family has cut off the bonds with the addict because of anger, anxiety, and stress. Clinicians believe that a family can feel broken and bruised because one of the family members is an addict to the extent of asking for a healing and strengthening program. This requires channeling anger and resentment of the family to support and love, as they repurpose t heir emotions. Finally, the non-aggressive, controlled environment can enhance the reformation of the broken family bonds. Case management refers to a collaborative process of planning, assessment, advocacy, and facilitation for services and options to meet a persons holistic needs through available resources and communication to enhance quality and cost effective results (Powell Tahan, 2009). Therefore, the objective of case management is to ensure that the rehabilitation and treatment program meets the health needs of the client effectively. Destination Hope allows for the evaluation of its techniques of success. This takes place as an aftercare service. Destination Hope is committed to all clients, even after they have left the normal course of treatment. Some treatment techniques may lead to partial recovery of the clients. Partial recovery may lead to relapse, earlier or late, and this can show that the treatment method was not effective. Therefore, clinicians continue to treat patients until they fully recover. In an effective recovery, there is no relapse, but an individual regains his or her original health. Evaluation of the treatment techniques is very important because it ensures that only effective methods are available for use. Implications for social work practice It is apparent that the treatment of addicts starts with diagnosis in order to ensure that the clients have actually undergone addiction. Once a clinician finds that the client is an addict, treatment starts immediately. Appropriate therapeutic approaches and medications are necessary for effective recovery. Medication alleviates the painful experience of substance withdrawal. The treatment methods also need to undergo evaluation in order to ensure that only effective methods are available for treatment. Therefore, a clinician must be aware of all steps towards effective recovery of the patient. Buy custom Destination Hope Agency essay

Cause and Effect of the Crash of Alaska Airlines Flight261 Essay

Cause and Effect of the Crash of Alaska Airlines Flight261 - Essay Example The National Transportation Safety Board said that the probable cause of the accident was â€Å"a loss of airplane pitch control resulting from the in-flight failure of the horizontal stabilizer trim system jackscrew assembly's acme nut threads†. The thread failure was caused by excessive wear resulting from Alaska Airlines' insufficient lubrication of the jackscrew assembly (NSTB, January 31, 2000).But when I watched the video and upon reading the transcriptions of the investigations of the National Transportation Safety Board, I realized that the jack-screw is only a participating evident of inefficiencies of the system.The circle of event shows inefficiencies on the maintenance system of the Alaska Airlines; as mechanics and authorities of the airlines dismissed warnings that the jack screw is already overused and that it may caused future problems. Perhaps reason for this is the cost of replacement is expensive. However, had it been regularly oiled and lubricated, the prob lem maybe did not exist. Clearly, at this level of ground maintenance, something is already amiss.Going to the pilots, there is no reason not to believe they are experts in their fields, but the captain lacked the will to exercise its authority to act in an emergency. Upon knowing of the problem at the tail of the aircraft, they had plenty of time to return, or land in the nearest field. The captain wanted to emergency land in Los Angeles airport, but was discouraged by the Alaskan Airlines operator at the Tower.